GLP-1类似物在糖尿病肾病患者中的疗效分析

目的观察胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)类似物对2型糖尿病早期肾病患者的肾脏保护作用。方法2017年11月—2019年12月间选取使用GLP-1类似物并参与随访的2型糖尿病早期肾病患者30例,收集患者治疗6个月前后的体重,体质指数(body mass index,BMI),腰围,臀围,血糖,生化指标等,计算胰岛β细胞功能相关指标,进行对比分析。结果治疗后腰围、2 hPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、ALB、MA/Cr、UA较治疗前降低,HOMA-β较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析示:HbA1c与MA/Cr呈负相关性(r=-0.421,P<0.05);HOMA-β、TG、TC、UA与MA/Cr呈正相关性(r=0.777,P<0.05;r=0.757,P<0.05;r=0.470,P<0.05;r=0.443,P<0.05)。HbA1c与ALB呈负相关性(r=-0.433,P<0.05);HOMA-β、TG、TC、UA与ALB呈正相关性(r=0.723,P<0.05;r=0.756,P<0.05;r=0.493,P<0.05;r=0.374,P<0.05)。结论GLP-1类似物对2型糖尿病早期肾病患者有较好的降糖、调脂、改善胰岛功能、保护肾脏的作用,而且降血糖、降血脂、改善胰岛功能可能有益于肾脏保护。     

老年综合评估及干预策略影响老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺康复及预后的研究进展

老年综合评估(comprehensive Geriatric Assessment,CGA)是医务人员通过多维度、多学科的方法,对老年患者的共病状态、心理状态、衰弱状态等进行全面评估的诊断程序[1],其重要意义在于通过对多器官功能的综合评估,及时发现老年患者潜在的功能缺陷,及早制定个体化诊疗方案及康复措施并评估预后。     

梅毒螺旋体血行播散机制的研究进展

【摘要】 梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体进入循环系统进行血行播散导致的多系统损害，但目前其全身播散的具体机制尚未完全明确。基于国内外的研究进展，本文从梅毒螺旋体黏附与细胞外基质降解、细胞间连接和细胞骨架系统破坏、血管生成、炎症细胞浸润等多方面探讨梅毒螺旋体血行播散的机制，为进一步研究提供理论基础。     

Optimize the management of urological tube-related emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic

BackgroundTo introduce and determine the value of optimized strategies for the management of urological tube-related emergencies with increased incidence, complexity and operational risk during the global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsAll emergent urological patients at Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, during the period of January 23 (the beginning of lockdown in Wuhan) to March 23, 2020, and the corresponding period in 2019 were recruited to form this study’s COVID-19 group and control group, respectively. Tongji Hospital has the most concentrated and strongest Chinese medical teams to treat the largest number of severe COVID-19 patients. Patients in the control group were routinely treated, while patients in the COVID-19 group were managed following the optimized principles and strategies. The case incidence for each type of tube-related emergency was recorded. Baseline characteristics and management outcomes (surgery time, secondary complex operation rate, readmission rate, COVID-19 infection rate) were analyzed and compared across the control and COVID-19 periods.ResultsThe total emergent urological patients during the COVID-19 period was 42, whereas during the control period, it was 124. The incidence of tube-related emergencies increased from 53% to 88% (P<0.001) during the COVID-19 period. In particular, the incidence of nephrostomy tube-related (31% vs. 15%, P=0.027) and single-J stent-related problems (19% vs. 6%, P=0.009) increased significantly. The mean surgery times across the two periods were comparable. The number of secondary complex operations increased from 12 (18%) to 14 (38%) (P=0.028) during the COVID 19-period. The number of 2-week postoperative readmission decreased from 10 (15%) to 1 (3%) (P=0.049). No participants contracted during the COVID-19 period.ConclusionsUrological tube-related emergencies have been found to have a higher incidence and require more complicated and dangerous operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the optimized management strategies introduced in this study are efficient, and safe for both urologists and patients.     

刺果甘草全基因组Survey及叶绿体基因组特征分析＊

目的 基于基因组Survey分析对刺果甘草Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.基因组大小和杂合率进行估计，并通过叶绿体基因组序列特征对其在甘草属Glycyrrhiza L.中的系统发育位置进行研究。方法 使用二代测序技术对刺果甘草进行测序，采用K-mer方法对测序reads进行分析，估算刺果甘草基因组大小和杂合率，使用生物信息学方法进行叶绿体基因组组装、注释和系统发育分析。结果 Survey分析结果显示其基因组大小约为577.82 Mb，杂合度约为0.31%，重复序列比例约为53.72%。叶绿体基因组长度为127，267 bp，不具有典型的四分体结构，总GC含量为34.32%，包含110个基因，其中76个蛋白质编码基因，30个tRNA基因和4个rRNA基因。系统发育分析表明，刺果甘草与圆果甘草G. squamulosa Franch.亲缘较接近。结论 刺果甘草存在低杂合和重复序列较多的特点，为了更好地对全基因组进行序列拼接和组装，可尝试采用三代测序结合二代测序的分析策略进行基因组组装；刺果甘草叶绿体全基因组比对和系统发育分析，为后续开展甘草属遗传多样性研究和分子鉴定标记筛选提供了重要依据。     

应用磁共振波谱研究针刺合谷穴前额叶神经递质Glu与GABA相关性＊

目的 探讨手针针刺健康受试者右侧合谷穴，前额叶Glu⁺、Glx⁺及GABA⁺浓度变化差异及相关性，从兴奋和抑制性神经递质关系方面初步探讨针刺效应的脑机制。方法 录入健康志愿者76名，随机接受手针及纤毛针两种刺激，并采集刺激前和刺激时BOLD功能磁共振脑成像（fMRI）及磁共振波谱（MRS）数据，分析手针和纤毛针组刺激前与刺激时Glu⁺、Glx⁺、GABA⁺浓度差异及相关性，以及Glu⁺、Glx⁺与GABA⁺浓度的相关性。结果 手针及纤毛针组间和组内各亚组（依据不同BOLD信号）针刺前与针刺时Glu⁺、Glx⁺、GABA⁺浓度差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。但手针组整组的Glu⁺、Glx⁺、GABA⁺，零、负激活亚组的Glu⁺、Glx⁺和零激活GABA⁺针刺前与针刺时浓度呈正相关（P均<0.05）。针刺前手针组整组、零、负激活亚组的Glu⁺、Glx⁺均与GABA⁺呈正相关q（P均<0.05）；纤毛针组整组、正、负激活亚组Glu⁺、Glx⁺均与GABA⁺及零激活Glu⁺与GABA⁺均呈正相关（P均<0.05）；针刺时手针组整组、负激活亚组Glu⁺与GABA⁺呈正相关，零激活亚组Glx⁺与GABA⁺呈正相关（P均<0.05）。结论 针刺前与针刺时Glu⁺、Glx⁺与GABA⁺多呈正相关，可作为针刺脑机制研究的神经递质观察指标。     

Day-level associations of physical activity and sedentary time in mother–child dyads across three years: a multi-wave longitudinal study using accelerometers

Journal of Behavioral Medicine - Understanding associations between mothers’ and children’s physical activity and sedentary behavior on more fine-grained timescales can provide insights...